The CHAT Trial: A Randomised Trial of Adenotonsillectomy for Childhood Sleep Apnoea

The CHAT trial is considered the gold standard study in this area. Researchers took 464 children with sleep apnoea and randomly assigned half to have their tonsils and adenoids removed, while the other half were simply monitored for 7 months.

The results were striking. 79% of the children who had surgery saw their sleep normalise, compared to 46% who improved on their own. Parents reported significant improvements in their children's behaviour, ability to focus, and overall quality of life.

There was one nuance: on formal attention tests given in a clinic, the surgery group didn't score significantly better. But every measure that parents reported — behaviour at home, ability to manage emotions, and daily functioning — showed clear improvement. For parents, the message is straightforward: removing the physical blockage to their child's airway made a real, noticeable difference in how their child acted, felt, and lived day to day.